We've added new PCR tests for swine and bovine diseases -- see our menu for a complete listing.

Parrots moving in or moving out? Try our psittacine PCR screening panel.

Respiratory problems got you breathless? Try our poultry respiratory PCR panel.

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Zoologix performs avian and livestock PCR tests for...

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

African swine fever

Akabane virus

Alcelaphine herpesvirus

AMPKγ3R200Q mutation in pigs

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus species

Atoxoplasma

Aujeszky's disease

Avian adenovirus

Avian herpes

Avian influenza

Avian polyomavirus

Avian reovirus

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Baylisascaris procyonis

Blood typing for swine

Bluetongue virus

Bordetella avium

Borna virus

Bovine adenovirus

Bovine endogenous retrovirus

Bovine enterovirus

Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Bovine herpesvirus 1

Bovine herpesvirus 2

Bovine herpesvirus 4

Bovine leukemia virus

Bovine papillomavirus

Bovine papular stomatitis virus

Bovine parvovirus

Bovine polyomavirus

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Bovine rhinoviruses

Bovine viral diarrhea type 1

Brachyspira pilosicoli

Brucella

Cache Valley virus

Camelpox

Campylobacter      

Candida

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus

Chlamydia/Chlamydophila genus

Chlamydophila psittaci

Classical swine fever

Clostridium

Coccidia

Coccidiodes

Coronaviruses

Cowpox

Coxiella burnetii

Cryptococcus

Cryptosporidium

Ebola Reston

E. coli O157:h7

Edwardsiella

Encephalomyocarditis

Enteric E. coli panel

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Foot and mouth disease

Fowl adenovirus

Fowlpox

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Hepatitis E

Herpes, avian

Histoplasma

Infectious bronchitis

Infectious bursal disease

Infectious coryza

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Influenza type A

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)

Japanese encephalitis

Jena virus

Johne's disease

Lawsonia intracellularis

Leptospira

Lumpy skin disease virus

Malaria

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

Mites

Mycobacterium avium and other Mycobacteria

Mycoplasma species

Mycoplasma suis

Newcastle disease virus

Nipah virus

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Ovine herpesvirus 2

Pacheco's disease (psittacid herpesviruses)

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)

Pigeon circovirus

Plasmodium species

Porcine adenovirus

Porcine circovirus 1

Porcine circovirus 2

Porcine cytomegalovirus

Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)

Porcine enterovirus

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis

Porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus

Porcine parvovirus

Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)

Poultry respiratory panel

Pseudocowpox

Pseudorabies

Psittacine beak and feather disease

Psittacine herpes

Q fever

Rabies

Reovirus

Rift Valley fever virus

Rinderpest virus

RyR1 R615C mutation in pigs

Salmonella

Staphylococcus xylosus

St. Louis encephalitis

Streptococcus

Swinepox

Swine vesicular disease

Taenia solium

Teschovirus (Teschen-Talfan disease)

Tickborne encephalitis virus

Trichinella spiralis

Trichomonas/
Tritrichomonas

Vaccinia

Valley fever

Vesicular exanthema of swine

Vesicular stomatitis

Wesselsbron virus

West Nile virus

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

...and more -- see the avian & livestock test menu for a complete listing of avian and livestock assays.

Bordetella avium PCR test
avian & livestock assay data sheet

Bordetella avium

Test code:
B0036 - Qualitative detection of Bordetella avium by polymerase chain reaction

Bordetella avium is the causative agent for bordetellosis in birds. It is a small, gram-negative, non-fermentative, motile, strictly aerobic bacillus that colonizes the trachea of chickens, turkeys and other poultry. This bacterium was first isolated from young turkeys in 1967 and was officially named Bordetella avium in 1984. Studies have also shown that infection by this bacterium is not limited to poultry; other birds can be carriers though they may not develop symptoms of disease. The fact that there are many carriers of this bacterium explains the frequent outbreaks of the disease. The infection is not lethal, but infected birds are susceptible to secondary infections, which can lead to mortality. B. avium outbreaks are responsible for severe economic losses in poultry-producing regions of the world (Skeeles and Arp, 1997).

While B. avium is similar in behavior to its human counterpart, Bordetella pertussis (the etiologic agent of whooping cough), there is no evidence that B. avium can infect humans. The bacterium is easily transmitted by aerosol, leading to the rapid spread of the disease in high-density poultry facilities.

Bordetellosis in psittacine birds manifests with upper respiratory signs such as sneezing, nasal and ocular discharge, swelling of the infraorbital sinus and lockjaw. Infection of the lower airways is infrequent. Experimental inoculation with B. avium in cockatiel chicks suggests a 1-2 day incubation period.

Diagnosis of B. avium by culture is difficult because the bacterium requires special growth conditions and growth is slow. Thus, many believe that this disease may be underdiagnosed. Because of evidence suggesting that recovered birds may periodically relapse or remain asymptomatic carriers, it is imperative to use a more sensitive test to detect the presence of the bacterium. PCR is a highly sensitive and specific technique for detection of Bordetella avium.

Utilities:

  • Help confirm the disease causing agent
  • Shorten the time required to confirm a clinical diagnosis of B. avium infection
  • Help ensure that bird populations are free of B. avium
  • Early prevention of spread of this bacterium among a flock
  • Minimize human exposure to B. avium
  • Safety monitoring of biological products that derive from birds

References:
Skeeles, J.K., and Arp, L.H. (1997) Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza), p. 275-288, In: B.W.
Calnek, H.J. Barnes, C.W. Beard, L.R. McDougal, and Y.M. Saif (eds), Diseases of
Poultry. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.

Specimen requirements: 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube, or nasopharyngeal swab.

Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.

For all specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See shipping instructions for more information.

Turnaround time: 2 business days

Methodology: Qualitative PCR

Normal range: Nondetected

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