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avian & livestock assay data sheet
Reovirus
Test
codes:
S0083
- Avian reovirus screen by reverse transcription PCR.
This assay detects but does not differentiate
most common strains of avian reovirus, including
S1133, 1733, 2408 and CO8.
S0120
- Ultrasensitive generalized
mammalian
reovirus screen by reverse
transcription coupled real time PCR. This
assay detects a wide range of mammalian
reoviruses but does not detect avian reovirus
strains.
Reoviruses are comprised of 10 to 12
double-stranded RNA genomic segments that can
reassort both in nature and in laboratory
settings. The most common mammalian isolates are
type 1 (Lang), type 2 (Jones), and type 3
(Dearing).
Reoviruses have a high endemic infection rate in
many mammals, such as primates, cattle, cats,
dogs, rodents and swine. These viruses are
common in raw water sources and are often found
along with other animal viruses. In humans, the
viruses cause only asymptomatic or mild
respiratory infections. However, research
suggests that reoviruses may be associated with
potentially more severe illnesses. Reoviruses
have been linked to neonatal hepatitis,
extrahepatic biliary atresia, meningitis and
myocarditis. Also, immunocompromised, young and
elderly individuals may become susceptible to
severe bacterial respiratory disease due to an
initial reovirus infection.
Due to their widespread occurrence and the
ability of these viruses to survive a long
period of time in the environment, contamination
of water sources has been frequently reported.
Animals are especially prone to infection by
these viruses. Xenotransplantation of animal
organs is severely endangered by potential
contamination with these viruses.
Diagnosis of reovirus infection by nonmolecular
means is very difficult and is usually based on
virus isolation on cell cultures and electron
microscopy. These methods are not very sensitive
(Muscillo et al., 2001) and are likely
underestimate the presence of these viruses in
animals and humans. Molecular detection by PCR
is the most sensitive, rapid and specific method
for identifying reoviruses.
Utilities:
-
Confirm the disease causing agent
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Ensure that animal groups and populations are free of
reoviruses
-
Early prevention of spread of reoviruses among a
population
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Minimize human exposure to reoviruses
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Safety monitoring of biological products and vaccines
that derive from susceptible animals
References:
Muscillo M., La Rosa G., Marianelli C.,
Zaniratti S., Capobianchi M.R., Cantiani L. and
Carducci A. (2001) A new RT-PCR method for the
identification of reoviruses in seawater
samples, Water Res. 35:548–556.
Specimen requirements:
Tracheal swab, nasal swab, cloacal swab or
rectal swab, or 0.5 ml feces
(0.2 ml for avian), or 0.5 ml whole
blood in EDTA (purple top) or ACD (yellow top)
tube (0.2 for avian).
For specimen types other than those listed here,
please call to confirm specimen acceptability
and shipping instructions.
For all specimen types, if there will be a delay
in shipping, or during very warm weather,
refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship
with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping
requirements are specified. Frozen specimens
should be shipped so as to remain frozen in
transit. See shipping
instructions for more information.
Turnaround time:
2 business days
Methodology:
S0083 -
Qualitative reverse transcription PCR
S0120 -
Qualitative reverse transcription coupled real
time PCR
Normal range:
Nondetected
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