avian & livestock assay data sheet
Porcine cytomegalovirus
Test code:
S0128 -
Ultrasensitive detection of porcine cytomegalovirus by real
time PCR
Herpesviruses are widely distributed and have been found in
insects, reptiles, amphibians and every species of bird and
mammal. One important characteristic of herpesvirus infection is
that the virus persists in the infected host for life and is
frequently reactivated and shed. In pigs, five herpesviruses
have been identified: three recently identified lymphotrophic
herpesviruses, pseudorabies virus and porcine cytomegalovirus
(PCMV).
PCMV causes
inclusion body rhinitis and abortion or neonatal piglet losses
in pigs. On microscopic examination, CMV infection causes large
intranuclear inclusion bodies in infected cells. In pigs, a
major site of infection tends to be the turbinates and the rest
of the upper respiratory tract. Clinically, inclusion body
rhinitis is often confused with atrophic rhinitis, another upper
respiratory tract disease of multiple etiologies.
Like human
CMV, porcine CMV crosses the placenta and infects fetuses, with
resulting congenital infections. In susceptible herds, infection
with PCMV can lead to fetal and piglet death, runting, rhinitis,
pneumonia, and poor weight gain. In herds where management
conditions tend to be good or exceptional, the virus may be
endemic without causing any apparent clinical disease or
economic loss. However, these infected animals can be latent
carriers of the virus.
Antibodies
to this virus have been found in a high percentage of swine
herds worldwide. Because of the high prevalence of positive
serology, serological identification of infected pigs is not
useful. Many latent carriers remain unidentified, posing serious
problems with research using the pig as a model. In
xenotransplantation between pig and human, reactivation of the
latent virus can cause postransplantation failure. Molecular
detection of the virus is an important tool that can provide
rapid, sensitive and specific detection of the viral nucleic
acid in suspected animals (Hamel et al., 1999).
Utilities:
-
Help confirm the disease causing agent
-
Identify PCMV carriers
-
Help ensure that animal colonies and populations are free of
PCMV
-
Early prevention of spread of the virus among animals
-
Minimize human exposure to the virus
-
Safety monitoring of biological products that derive
from animals
References:
Hamel, A.L., Lin, L., Sachvie, C., Grudeski, E., and Nayar,
G.P.S. (1999) Assay for Detecting Porcine Cytomegalovirus. J
Clin Microbiol. 37: 3767–3768.
Specimen requirements: 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube, or 0.2 ml fresh, frozen or fixed tissue.
Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.
For all
specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during
very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship
with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are
specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain
frozen in transit. See shipping
instructions for more information.
Turnaround time:
2 business days
Methodology:
Qualitative real time PCR
Normal range:
Nondetected
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