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avian & livestock assay data sheet
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)
Test code:
S0149 -
Ultrasensitive
detection of porcine circovirus type 2 by real time PCR
Porcine
circoviruses (PCVs) are small, non-enveloped viruses
with a single-stranded, closed-circular
DNA. They belong to the genus
Circovirus of the family Circoviridae. Two
are known, PCV1 and PCV2.
Porcine
circovirus type 1 (PCV1) can be detected in swine populations,
but unlike PCV2 it is not associated with any clinical disease.
PCV2 is
the major cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
(PMWS). It is also found in association with numerous other
conditions. These conditions include porcine dermatitis and
nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), porcine respiratory disease complex
(PRDC), congenital tremors (CT) type AII, reproductive failure
and enteritis.
PCV2 can
be detected in virtually every swine herd. The most common
presentation of PCV2-associated disease is pneumonia. However,
the underlying cause of PCV2-associated disease may be other
pathogenic infections, such as porcine parvovirus (PPV) or
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).
Thus, differentiating PCV2 infection from other viral infections
is important in order to design an effective treatment plan.
Pigs
infected with PCV2 may develop no symptoms, but they can carry
and shed the virus (Larochelle et al., 2000). Serology testing
is insufficient to identify these carriers, since many pigs in a
herd may have been exposed to the virus. Molecular detection by
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid, sensitive and
specific method for identifying these infected pigs.
In addition, PCV1 and PCV2 are antigenically very similar
and differentiation of the two viruses by serological testing is
difficult. These two viruses, however, can be differentiated by
PCR.
Utilities:
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Confirm the disease causing agent
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Identify PCV2 carriers
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Ensure that animal colonies and populations are free of
PCV2
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Early prevention of spread of the virus among animals
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Minimize human exposure to the virus
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Safety monitoring of biological products that derive
from animals
References:
Larochelle, R., Bielanski, A., Müller, P. and Magar,
R. (2000) PCR
Detection and Evidence of Shedding of Porcine Circovirus Type 2
in Boar Semen. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 4629–4632.
Specimen requirements:
0.5 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) or ACD (yellow top)
tube, or 0.5 ml saliva, or oral swab, or 0.5 ml fresh, frozen or
fixed tissue.
For specimen
types other than those listed here, please call to confirm
specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.
For all
specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during
very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship
with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are
specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain
frozen in transit. See shipping
instructions for more information.
Turnaround time:
2 business days
Methodology:
Qualitative real time PCR
Normal range:
Nondetected
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