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Zoologix performs avian and livestock PCR tests for...

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

African swine fever

Akabane virus

Alcelaphine herpesvirus

AMPKγ3R200Q mutation in pigs

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Aspergillus fumigatus

Aspergillus species

Atoxoplasma

Aujeszky's disease

Avian adenovirus

Avian herpes

Avian influenza

Avian polyomavirus

Avian reovirus

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Baylisascaris procyonis

Blood typing for swine

Bluetongue virus

Bordetella avium

Borna virus

Bovine adenovirus

Bovine endogenous retrovirus

Bovine enterovirus

Bovine ephemeral fever virus

Bovine herpesvirus 1

Bovine herpesvirus 2

Bovine herpesvirus 4

Bovine leukemia virus

Bovine papillomavirus

Bovine papular stomatitis virus

Bovine parvovirus

Bovine polyomavirus

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Bovine rhinoviruses

Bovine viral diarrhea type 1

Brachyspira pilosicoli

Brucella

Cache Valley virus

Camelpox

Campylobacter      

Candida

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus

Chlamydia/Chlamydophila genus

Chlamydophila psittaci

Classical swine fever

Clostridium

Coccidia

Coccidiodes

Coronaviruses

Cowpox

Coxiella burnetii

Cryptococcus

Cryptosporidium

Ebola Reston

E. coli O157:h7

Edwardsiella

Encephalomyocarditis

Enteric E. coli panel

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Foot and mouth disease

Fowl adenovirus

Fowlpox

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Hepatitis E

Herpes, avian

Histoplasma

Infectious bronchitis

Infectious bursal disease

Infectious coryza

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Influenza type A

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)

Japanese encephalitis

Jena virus

Johne's disease

Lawsonia intracellularis

Leptospira

Lumpy skin disease virus

Malaria

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF)

Mites

Mycobacterium avium and other Mycobacteria

Mycoplasma species

Mycoplasma suis

Newcastle disease virus

Nipah virus

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Ovine herpesvirus 2

Pacheco's disease (psittacid herpesviruses)

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV)

Pigeon circovirus

Plasmodium species

Porcine adenovirus

Porcine circovirus 1

Porcine circovirus 2

Porcine cytomegalovirus

Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV)

Porcine enterovirus

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis

Porcine hemorrhagic enteropathy

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis

Porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus

Porcine parvovirus

Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus

Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)

Poultry respiratory panel

Pseudocowpox

Pseudorabies

Psittacine beak and feather disease

Psittacine herpes

Q fever

Rabies

Reovirus

Rift Valley fever virus

Rinderpest virus

RyR1 R615C mutation in pigs

Salmonella

Staphylococcus xylosus

St. Louis encephalitis

Streptococcus

Swinepox

Swine vesicular disease

Taenia solium

Teschovirus (Teschen-Talfan disease)

Tickborne encephalitis virus

Trichinella spiralis

Trichomonas/
Tritrichomonas

Vaccinia

Valley fever

Vesicular exanthema of swine

Vesicular stomatitis

Wesselsbron virus

West Nile virus

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

...and more -- see the avian & livestock test menu for a complete listing of avian and livestock assays.

St. Louis encephalitis PCR test

avian & livestock assay data sheet

St. Louis encephalitis

Test code:
S0057 - Ultrasensitive qualitative detection of St. Louis encephalitis virus by reverse transcription coupled real time polymerase chain reaction

 

West Nile (WN) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses are both arthropod-borne viruses within the Japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex (Murphy et al., 1995). They belong to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. This group of viruses possesses a single positive strand of RNA genome of approximately 11 kb. Like West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, SLE is transmitted primarily through Culex species mosquitoes and birds. Humans, primates and other mammals are thought to be incidental hosts (Monath and Heinz, 1996).

Unlike WN, endemic SLE virus transmission in nature is silent, with no reports of avian mortality. Nevertheless, significant endemic spread of SLE in United States and in several South American countries has been reported. Over the past 70 years, SLE virus has been responsible for numerous epidemics throughout the United States; the largest occurred in 1975, with approximately 2,000 cases reported (Monath and Heinz, 1996).

Detection of this SLE virus by virus isolation followed by identification through immunofluorescence assays can take over a week to complete. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are also used to detect this virus. However, confirmation of the infection can only be inferred by a fourfold or greater rise in virus-specific neutralizing antibody titers in either cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum by performing the plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT) with several flaviviruses. Virus culture from CSF or serum has generally been unsuccessful due to the low level and short-lived viremia. PCR detection of this virus, thus, represents a rapid, specific and sensitive approach to detection of this virus.

Utilities:

  • Help confirm the disease causing agent
  • Help ensure that flocks are free of SLE virus
  • Early prevention of spread of the virus among a flock
  • Minimize human exposure to the virus
  • Safety monitoring of biological products and vaccines that derive from birds

References:
Monath, T.P. and Heinz, F.X. (1996) Flaviviruses, p. 978-984. In B.N. Fields (ed.), Fields virology, vol. 1, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, Pa.
Murphy, F.A., Fauquet, C.M., Bishop, D.H.L., Ghabrial, S.A., Jarvis, A.W., Martelli, G.P., Mayo, M.A. and Summers, M.D. (1995) Virus taxonomy, classification and nomenclature of viruses. Arch. Virol. 10 (Suppl): 1-586.

Specimen requirements: 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube, or 0.2 ml fresh or frozen CNS tissue, or 0.2 ml CSF, serum or plasma.

Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.

For all specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See shipping instructions for more information.

Turnaround time: 2 business days

Methodology: Qualitative reverse transcription coupled real time PCR

Normal range: Nondetected

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