Screening your mice? Try our Mouse Essentials PCR Panel. All the most important mouse colony screening tests, all by expert real time PCR...

...or how about our new Mouse PCR Minipanel - PCR tests for only the most common mouse pathogens - for economical colony screening...

...and don't forget our Mouse Fecal PCR Panel - includes 9 important fecal pathogens.

And... just for rabbits: our new Rabbit Fecal PCR Panel tests for 3 common causes of GI problems in rabbits.

For wild rodent infestations, remediation and environmental monitoring, use our Rodent Infestation PCR Panel

* * *

Zoologix also performs rodent and rabbit PCR tests for...

Aspiculuris tetraptera

Bordetella

BXV-1 virus

Campylobacter

Chapparvovirus

Clostridium piliforme

Coccidia

E. coli (enteroinvasive)

Ectromelia

EDIM

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Encephalomyocarditis

Francisella tularensis

Fur mites

Hantavirus

Helicobacter

Human adenoviruses

Klebsiella pneumoniae

K virus

Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

Leptospira

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

Mites

Mouse adenoviruses

Mouse cytomegaloviruses

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV)

Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKV or MKPV)

Mouse minute virus (MMV)

Mouse norovirus (MNV)

Mouse parvovirus (MPV)

Mouse polyoma virus (POLY)

Mousepox virus (aka ectromelia virus, EV or ECTRO)

Mouse rotavirus

Mycoplasma pulmonis

Mycoplasma screen

Pasteurella

Pinworms

Pneumocystis carinii

Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM)

Rabbit coronavirus

Rabbit fibroma virus

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

Rat bite fever

Rat coronavirus

Reovirus screen

Reovirus type 3 (REO3)

Rotavirus

Salmonella

Sendai virus (SEND)

Seoul virus

Shigella

Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV)

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Syphacia muris

Syphacia obvelata

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)

Tickborne encephalitis virus

Treponema cuniculi/ paraluiscuniculi

Tularemia

Tyzzer's disease

Whitewater Arroyo virus

Yersinia enterocolitica

Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis


Encephalomyocarditis PCR test for rodents
rodent and rabbit assay data sheet

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)

Test code: S0069 - Qualitative detection of encephalomyocarditis virus by reverse transcription coupled real time polymerase chain reaction

 

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a single stranded picornavirus belonging to the cardiovirus genus that infects many animal species including pigs, rodents, cattle, elephants, raccoons , marsupials, baboons, macaques, chimpanzees and humans . Rats and mice are the natural hosts of the virus, but pigs are the most commonly and severely infected domestic animals. The ability of this virus to cause interspecies infections had led to numerous outbreaks in zoos in Australia and the United States (Reddacliff et al., 1997; Wells and Gutter, 1989). These outbreaks involved multiple animal species including lemurs, squirrels, macaques, mandrills, chimpanzees, hippopotami, kangaroos and possibly humans. Humans infected with this virus may have symptoms including fever, neck stiffness, lethargy, delirium, headaches, or vomiting (Gajdusek, 1955; Murname, 1981). In recent years, there has been renewed interest in this virus, especially in pig-to-human transmission, because of advances in xenotransplantation as a means of overcoming the acute shortage of transplantation tissues and organs for humans.

In the past, diagnosis of EMCV was based on virus isolation and identification. This method is time-consuming and the virus is difficult to isolate from infected animals. Experimental EMCV infection in pigs showed that virus could no longer be isolated after 3 days post-infection (Foni et al., 1992), but the virus may continually persist for a long period in infected pigs without any clinical signs (Billinis et al., 1999). Confirmation of this pathogen has relied upon the development of circulating antibody, but this diagnostic approach is not reliable because a recent study in pigs has shown that some infected pigs may not develop antibodies against EMCV (Brewer et al., 2001).

EMCV detection by PCR is a rapid, sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of this infection. PCR methodology can reduce the frequency of false negative diagnoses of this virus.

Utilities:

  • Help confirm the disease causing agent
  • Shorten the time required to confirm a clinical diagnosis of EMCV infection.
  • Help ensure that rodent colonies are free of this virus
  • Early prevention of spread of EMCV among a colony
  • Minimize human exposure to this virus
  • Safety monitoring of biological products that derive from rodents

References:
Reddacliff, L. A., P. D. Kirland, W. J. Hartley, and R. L. Reece (1997). Encephalomyocarditis virus infections in an Australian zoo. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 28:153-157.
Wells, S. K., and A. E. Gutter. (1989). Encephalomyocarditis virus: epizootic in a zoological collection. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 20:291-296.
Gajdusek, C. (1955). Encephalomyocarditis infection in childhood. Pediatrics 16:819.
Murname, T. G. 1981. Encephalomyocarditis, p. 137-147. In G. W. Beran (ed.), CRC handbook series in zoonoses, section B, vol. 2. Viral zoonoses. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
Foni, E., Barigazzi, G., Sidoli, L., Marcato, P.S., Sarli, G., Della Salda, L. and Spinaci , M. (1993). Experimental Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs. J. Vet. Med. 40:347–352.
Billinis, C., Paschaleri-Papadopoulou, E., Psychas, V., Vlemmas, J., Leontides, S., Koumbati, M., Kyriakis, S.C. and Papadopoulos , O. (1999) Persistence of Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection in piglets. Vet. Microbiol. 70:171–177.
Brewer, L.A., Lwamba, H.C., Murtaugh, M.P., Palmenberg, A.C., Brown, C. and Njenga, M.K.(2001) Porcine encephalomyocarditis virus persists in pig myocardium and infects human myocardial cells. J.Virol. 75:11621-11629

Specimen requirements: 0.2 ml whole blood in EDTA (purple top) tube, or 0.2 ml plasma or serum, or 0.2 ml fresh or frozen tissue.

Contact Zoologix if advice is needed to determine an appropriate specimen type for a specific diagnostic application. For specimen types not listed here, please contact Zoologix to confirm specimen acceptability and shipping instructions.

For all specimen types, if there will be a delay in shipping, or during very warm weather, refrigerate specimens until shipped and ship with a cold pack unless more stringent shipping requirements are specified. Frozen specimens should be shipped so as to remain frozen in transit. See shipping instructions for more information.

Turnaround time: 2 business days

Methodology: Qualitative reverse transcription coupled real time PCR

Normal range: Nondetected

©2003-2024 Zoologix, Inc. • Email Zoologix • Phone (818) 717-8880